|
Word |
Definition |
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Acceleration |
Change in velocity per unit of time |
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Aerobic Exercise (Oxygen) |
Exercise for greater than 3 minutes |
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Aerobic Power |
The amount of work a person can perform, normally
determined by the rate at which oxygen is utilized
during exercise |
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Agility |
The ability to change the direction of the body or
body parts rapidly under control |
|
Agonist |
The muscle most directly involved in brining about a
movement |
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Anaerobic Exercise (ATP/CP) |
High intensity exercise for 1-30 seconds |
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Anaerobic Exercise (Lactic Acid) |
High intensity exercise for 30 seconds to 3 minutes |
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Anaerobic Power |
The amount of work performed using primarily
anaerobic energy systems. Anaerobic power is
strongly related to explosive movements |
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Anatomy |
Encompasses the study of components that make up the
musculoskeletal "machine" |
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Anorexia Nervosa |
Self-starvation |
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Antagonist |
A muscle that can slow down or stop movement |
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Anthropometry |
The measurement of the size (including height),
weight, and proportions (including overall girth and
limb girths) of the human body |
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Ballistic Stretch |
Involves a bouncing movement in which the end
position is not held |
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Biomechanics |
Focuses on the mechanisms through which the anatomy
interacts to create movement |
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Body Composition |
The relative proportions by weight of body fat and
lean mass |
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Borg Scale |
A numerical scale which is utilized for perceived
exertion upon completion of an activity |
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Bulimia Nervosa |
An abnormal and constant craving for food |
|
Cardiovascular |
Exercise which maintains ideal heart rate for a
specified time |
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Co-contraction |
The ability to contract multiple muscle groups at
the same time |
|
Concentric Contraction |
The total tension developed in all muscle fibers is
sufficient to overcome any resistance to shortening.
Example: upward phase of bicep curls |
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Contraction |
The tightening of a muscle while the joint is fixed
or moving |
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Core Conditioning |
Exercising the midsection (front, back, side) with
or without resistance for the extremities |
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Detraining |
A loss of training adaptations due to inactivity
following exercise |
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Dynamic Flexibility |
The resistance of a joint during movement |
|
Dynamic Resistance |
When the body or object provides resistance through
a ROM. In training, we can use manual resistance,
free-weight equipment, or resistance machines to
provide dynamic resistance |
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Dynamic Stretch |
Involves flexibility during sport-specific
movements. It is similar to Ballistic stretching in
that it utilizes movement, but dynamic stretching
includes movements that may be specific to a sport
or movement pattern; in a sense dynamic stretching
can be s |
|
Eccentric Contraction |
The tension developed in the muscle fibers is less
than the resistance, and the muscle lengthens
despite contact between the myosin fibers heads. The
actin filaments. Example: slow, controlled downward
phase of the bicep curl |
|
Ectomorphs |
Persons with slender, tall and more angular body
types. Late maturers who keep growing for a longer
period of time and so become taller adults |
|
Endomorphs |
Persons with rounder and more pear shaped body types |
|
Ergogenic Substances |
Performance enhancing drugs and dietary supplements |
|
Evaluation |
The process of analyzing test and measurement
results for the purpose of making decisions |
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Fast-Twitch |
A fast-twitch motor unit develops force rapidly and
has a short twitch time. Fast-twitch motor units are
characterized by fatigability, low aerobic power,
rapid force development, and high anaerobic power |
|
Field Tests |
Tests that assess specific athletic talents in an
applied setting |
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Flexibility |
The range of motion of a joint |
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Hypertrophy |
Enlargement of the muscle fibers |
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Intensity |
The amount of stress placed upon muscles, connective
tissue, and joints |
|
Interval Training |
A conditioning method that can enhance the body's
ability to perform aerobic or endurance activities
as the aerobic system is also dramatically utilized
and enhanced. Ex. Sprints |
|
Isometric Contraction |
The tension in the muscle fibers equals the
resistance to shortening and the muscle length
remains relatively constant |
|
Kinesthetic Sense |
Conscious appreciation of the body in
three-dimensional space |
|
Local Muscular Endurance |
The ability of a muscle or muscle group to perform
repeated contractions against a light (sub maximal)
load for an extended period of time |
|
Macrocycle |
(Generally a year's training) is divided into two or
more mesocycles that revolve around dates of major
competitions |
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Measurement |
The collection of data upon which a decision is
based |
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Mental Imagery |
A cognitive psychological skill in which the athlete
uses all the senses to create a mental experience of
an athletic performance |
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Mesocycles |
Part of a year's training |
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Mesomorphs |
Persons with muscular, broad shouldered, thick
chested, and narrow wasted body types |
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Muscular Strength |
The force that a muscle or muscle group can exert
against a resistance in one maximal effort |
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Needs Analysis |
When the professional analyzes the fitness needs of
both the activity and the individual athlete
involved in the sport |
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Neutral Spine |
When the vertebrae is in a loose packed position in
which the ligaments are not taught and pressures in
and around the joint structures are evenly
distributed |
|
Overload Principle |
Providing a greater stress or load on the body than
it is normally accustomed to handling |
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Overtraining |
Excessive volume or intensity of training, or both,
resulting in fatigue |
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Periodization |
The gradual cycling (allocation of a specific period
of time, whether days, weeks, or months) of
specificity, intensity, and volume of training to
achieve peak levels of fitness for the most
important competitions |
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Plyometrics |
Exercising that enables the muscle to reach maximum
strength in as short a time as possible |
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Power |
The time rate of doing work. Power = Work/Time |
|
Pre-stretching |
Purpose of prestretching is to enhance force
production during the subsequent contraction |
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Proprioception |
To execute coordinated movement and muscle tone and
body posture in space |
|
Proprioceptors |
Specialized sensory receptors located inside
muscles, joints, and tendons that monitor the length
and tension of the musculotendonous complex. In
doing so, they proceed the central nervous system
with information concerning kinesthetic sense |
|
Proteins |
Complex molecules that have enzymatic and structural
functions and are important in a variety of
biosynthetic and bioenergetic reactions related to
body growth, maintenance and repair, and energy
production |
|
Range of Motion (ROM) |
The ability to go through the full range of possible
movement about a joint |
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Repetition |
The frequency of work during a set |
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Resistive Training |
Conditioning activities that use an interplay of
activity intervals and rest periods to develop the
body's energy systems for repeated and high-power
output demands |
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SAID Principle |
(Specific adaptation to imposed demands) The type of
demand placed on the body controls the type of
adaptation that will occur |
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Set |
One or more clusters of repetitions |
|
Slow-Twitch |
A slow-twitch fibers develops force rather slowly
and has a long twitch time. Slow-twitch motor unit
are fatigue-resistant and have a high aerobic
capacity for energy supply, but they have limited
potential for rapid force development and low
anaerobic p |
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Specific Warm-Up |
Movements that is similar to the movements of the
athlete's sport |
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Specificity |
Mechanical similarity between a training activity
and a sport |
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Speed |
The rapidity of the movement |
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Sports Chord |
Rubber tubing used for resistive exercising |
|
Sport-specificity |
Mechanical similarity between a training activity
and sport |
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Sprain |
An injury to a ligament |
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Stabilization |
The ability to isometrically control the lumbo-pelvic
region during static and active conditions while the
spine is in neutral |
|
Strain |
An injury to a muscle |
|
Strength |
The maximum force that a muscle or a group of
muscles can generate at a specific speed |
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Stretching |
An exercise that elongates muscles and tendons |
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Stretch-shortening cycle |
The increase in force production also known as
stretch-shortening potetiation. This is caused by
the combined effects of the use of elastic energy in
the muscle and stretch-reflex potentiation of the
muscle |
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Synergist |
A muscle is called this when it assists indirectly
in a movement |
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Training Frequency |
Refers to the number of training sessions completed
in a given period of time |
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Work |
The product of force exerted on an object and the
distance the object moves in the direction in which
the force is exerted. Work = Force |
